Smoking There is also values its Plus!

So feel the Rich

Robin Hood stole from the rich to give away to the poor. Well, smokers are the proverbial rich man his money taken by Robinhood (customs), if its customs officers honest and dedicated, millions of people come to feel the money smokers.

Inevitably, many smokers accounted for local income from excise bandrol. Besides bandrol, cigarettes also produce enough income tax sinifikan, see from payment of tax in Indonesia, a lot of names in the top 50 are from the tobacco companies. Not to mention the income tax on advertisements that flourished everywhere.

In short, because smokers are willing divided the money, thousands of people will benefit. It is said that according to a story by word of mouth, Kediri city could still exist and be reasonably prosperous society, because the faithful services of Indonesian smokers buy "Salt" (cigarette factory "Gudang Garam").

One  Dead Thousand Life

How many people die because of smoking each year? No one ever did a serious study of this matter as it may be big sponsors in the country (which incidentally is the tobacco companies in general) no one wants to fund.

But if we look from the side of labor, millions of people living on cigarettes, ranging from laborers working in a cigarette factory, cigarette sellers from large companies such as Dewi Hughes class to cigarettes slim roadside vendors, not to mention the street peddlers in the outskirts of the toll that can scrounge profits from selling cigarettes (not a pack), plus also scavengers that can still be cashed dregs.

The reality, though the body of smokers may be exposed to the risk of cancer, but they certainly reduce the number of smokers dry bag. Who died because of cigarettes, it could be more than the number who lived by a cigarette.

Personal Electric Company

How many people can not enjoy the bright lights? If you had the small streets of Lombok island or in a remote area in Java, or even in a tourist area in Bali, seven a clock a night, the streets are pitch black, no bright lights on the road. Moreover, if the  officers street lights are not carry out their duties properly, broken bulb is not replaced or broken lampposts be left broken, especially if you forgot to turn on the light, darkness on the road can not be avoided.

Fortunately, now there are a lot of billboards in the street exceeds the bright lights bulbs urban village, from the number of billboards, cigarette companies controlled quantity, there are tens of thousands installed in the streets of Indonesia, to the remote outposts. What was once dark, now have a lighthouse.

Billboards for a lot of people is also an indication of the way, "Maam, just keep straight, turn left later seen billboards cowboy, now the home of the Atun just below it." Thanks to the smokers, now many roads in Indonesia so bright.

Tasty, confident, and Style

Another positive side of this is more personal, some are feeling more confident because cigarette tucked in between the fingers, there are feel welcome to be part of the proud metropolis, there is also taste the delicious a straw by straws. It is all personal benefits, and anyway who would want to issue a personal allowance if there is no personal gain?

Many places in the country that is still reserved for smokers, non-smokers do not have a lot of places. why? Yes, non-smoking room is the room for non-smokers, smokers are not allowed in, but otherwise should be a non-smoking room was a smokers room, but because smokers are kind, then the non-smokers were allowed entry. Its one of the advantages of smokers, being part of a group of good-hearted.

Overcome Body Odor

There was a woman say that, "I like to smoke because of what know not? Because smoking can eliminate body odor! Sometimes when I go home, it feels less confident because less savory body odor, but the fits were made smoke, body odor so covered the smell of cigarettes!"

Heart Disease Insufficient Sleep ✔ Diet ✔✔ Inactivity ✔✔✔ Inactivity is the 1 Risk Factor for Heart Disease Across Adult Lifespan Plus Top 10 Reasons For Global Disease

You dont have to do kettlebell handstands. Just be active, girls!

We are often talking about the importance of sleep, and in fact, people who dont sleep enough have an increased risk of developing heart disease (+45%) and the fact that sleeping "too much" 9h+ is associated with a similar increase in (+38%) risk of heart disease in women (Ayas. 2003; similar data is available for men), alone, would not justify discarding the important contribution of short sleep durations to the ever-increasing number of patients with heart disease.

Similarly, a hypercaloric high fat + high sugar Western / Standard American style convenience + fast food based diet and its unwanted consequences, i.e. obesity, diabetes, etc. are unquestionably among the cornerstones of the heart disease epidemic.

One way to maximize your activity is HIIT - learn more at the SuppVersity

Never Train To Burn Calories!

Tabata = 14.2kcal /min ≠ Fat Loss

30s Intervals + 2:1 Work/Rec.

Making HIIT a Hit Part I/II

Making HIIT a Hit Part II/II

Triple Your Energy Exp.

And still, according to a recent study from the Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health at the School of Human Movement Studies of the University of Queensland  in St Lucia, Queensland, Australia, says: "From about age 30, the population risk of heart disease attributable to inactivity outweighs that of other risk factors, including high BMI" (Brown. 2014)

Now, we cannot tell, whether the same is true for men, as well, but even if it wasnt, the data from Table 1 would obviously be both, remarkable and memorable.

Table 1: Age-specific relative risks for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) for four risk factors in women (Brown. 2014)

If you look at the "population attributable risk (%)"-graph from the original paper (Figure 1), it becomes even more obvious: physical activity is the key to heart health - actually even more so for young vs. old women (187% increased risk in 20-24-year-olds vs. 95% risk increase in 53-58-year-olds; see Table 1).

 Figure 1: Population attributable risk (%) for four risk factors for IHD in women across the adult lifespan (Brown. 2014)

Even smoking is not match for inactivity, when it comes to the downstream effects on heart health. It is thus not surprising that scientists from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine report in a recent paper that for otherwise healthy middle-aged women who are overweight or obese, physical activity may be their best option for avoiding heart disease.

According to a study that followed nearly 900 women for seven years. These findings were reported in a paper led by authors at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University and Montefiore Medical Center, the University Hospital for Einstein, and published today in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

Inactivity is a major factor, but there are other heart disease triggers: As previously stated, inactivity is one factor out of many, the study by Wang et al. identified the following additional triggers of heart diseases, namely, elevated bloog glucose = 3x higher risk, hypertension = 3 higher risk, weight gain = 16% higher risk.

Throughout the seven-year study, the women were tested annually for heart disease risk factors. They also completed an annual survey describing their physical activity for the prior 12 months, which ranged from active living, caregiving and doing household chores to exercise and sports.

METs, i.e. metabolic equivalents are a way to measure the intensity of physical activity (occupational data based on Church. 2011)

During the seven years, 373 of the participants—43 percent of the total—had progressed from having at most a single risk factor for heart disease (i.e., metabolically benign overweight/obese) to at-risk overweight/obese, meaning they had developed two or more of the following five heart-disease risk factors: hypertension; low blood level of HDL ("good") cholesterol; elevated blood levels of triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose level (indicating pre-diabetes or diabetes); and elevated levels of C-reactive protein ( indicating inflammation).

And contrary to what you may have expected in view of the constant upheaval about "eating healthy", low-to-moderate physical activity—at the start of the study and during it—was the only lifestyle factor found to protect overweight/obese women from becoming at-risk for heart disease - to be specific, their heart disease risk was reduced by 16%.

Top 10 risk factors ranked by attributa- ble burden of disease globally and in Australasia (Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea (Brown. 2014)

Make no mistake about it: While being inactive is the major risk factor, its usually so intricately linked to being obese, which is usually promoted by an unhealthy diet and a lack of regular sleep that we cannot fully discard any of the other factors. If you look at the data in the table to the right, you will also see that "globally", i.e. across all ailings and age groups, other factors are the major determinants of health & disease and ultimately, life or death!

Accordingly, health is always about the whole package, a package that includes an exercise (related Facebook News), a diet and an anti-stress + sleep component. And you dont want to miss one of them, your health depends on them!

Reference: 

• Ayas, Najib T., et al. "A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women." Archives of Internal Medicine 163.2 (2003): 205-209.
• Brown, Wendy J., Toby Pavey, and Adrian E. Bauman. "Comparing population attributable risks for heart disease across the adult lifespan in women." British journal of sports medicine (2014): bjsports-2013.
• Church, Timothy S., et al. "Trends over 5 decades in US occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity." PloS one 6.5 (2011): e19657.
• Wang, D, et al. "Progression from Metabolically Benign to At-risk Obesity in Perimenopausal Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN)." JCEM (2014).

Gut Bacteria Modulation Ramp Up Your Short Chain Fatty Acid Production With Fermentable Starches Within 6 Days Longterm Fat Loss Gut Health Cancer Protection Possible

You cannot handpick several billion lodgers in your intestine, but you can attract the right one by providing them with the foods they like. Contrary to the current probiotic hype, the key to gut and metabolic health lies in the prebiotics you are stuffing down your piehole.

Its quite funny, only 5 years ago, everyone was still smiling at people who spent extra bucks on yogurts and other dairy products that were enriched with certain bacteria strains - strains, which were and obviously still are supposed to have health-promoting effects. The fact that probiotic yogurts and similar stuff have meanwhile made it into the store brand line-up of the large discount-markets (at least here in Germany) is however clear cut evidence that the previously laughed at idea that gut bugs are something you want to foster and promote has meanwhile turned into another of those partly highly questionable, but widely accepted pieces of "nutritional wisdom". The question that remains is, will they join the ranks of other scientific hypothesis that have made it n allegedly oversimplified from the bench to the store-boards before their time was ripe? Hypotheses such as the "cholesterol is bad for your heart", the "pasta and rice will keep you lean" and the "fat makes fat" hypotheses?

Dont worry, I am neither going to rant, nor am I suggesting that the whole idea about the importance of the gut microbiome is similarly flawed as the "eat fat and get fat"-hypothesis. The thing I do yet want to point out, before I tell you more about the latest scientific findings, is that our knowledge about the good and the bad guys in our intestines, about the ways they interact and about the short- and longterm effects of these interactions are so limited that my gut tells me (all puns intended) that everything that goes beyond the classics, i.e. the consumption of a diet rich in various types of fibers and a reasonable amount of fermented foods could well turn against us in a not very distant future.

Feeding the good guys: Does it work? And how does it work?

Based on the currently available evidence, it does however in fact look like the shift towards short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, the scientists from the University of Minnesota and the scientist from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center initiated in their 20 study participants (ten men and ten women) who had been recruited via flyers around the University campus (that alone goes to tell you how "mainstream" the notion of beneficial gut bacteria has become). The subjects were health and aged between 18 and 60 years, they were non-smokers and were not taking any prescription meds and contrary to the average American (cf. "How Fat We Have Become") their BMIs were in the normal range.

Table 1: Macronutrient composition of the test meal on day 1 and the supplemental cereal bars and beverages the subjects consumed in the course of the 6-day study period on four occasions every day (Klosterbuer. 2013)

"Participants consumed five treatments in a double-blind, cross-over design with treatment periods of 7 d followed by a 21 d washout period. On day 1 of the study, following a 12 h fast, participants arrived at the GCRC and consumed either a low-fibre control breakfast or one of four fibre-containing breakfasts. Meals consisted of a muffin, hot cereal, and fruit-flavoured beverage. For the next 6 d, participants consumed the study products at home. Treatments were provided as cereal bars and a beverage mix, which was pre-measured into 500 ml water bottles. Participants were instructed to consume four cereal bars and one beverage over the course of each day." (Klosterbuer. 2013)

Obviously the test breakfast, as well as the bars and beverages the dietary composition of which you can see in table 1 contained additional "functional" additives. As indicated by the titles above the respective columns in table 1, these were

• 

  Figure 1: Short-chain fatty acid content of the stools (top), number of stools and consistency (1=hard, 4=diarrhea, middle), gastrointestinal symptoms (bottom, Klosterbuer. 2013)

  for the breakfast, 25 g SCF or RS alone or in combination with 5 g pullulan (SCF+P and RS+P),
• for the beverages and bars in the treatment groups, 20g SCF or RS alone or in combination with 5 g pullulan (SCF+P and RS+P) for the beverages and bars and
• for the beverages and bars in the control group, fully digestible maltodextrin

• the short chain fatty acids (SCF) were produced via hydrolysis of maize starch, followed by
  cooling to form a branched structure, 
• the resistant starch (RS) was a type 3 (RS3) retrograded starch roduced from heat moisture-treated, high-amylose maize starch, and 
• pullulan is a linear glucose homopolysaccharide thats formed during the fermentation of dextrin by the yeast Aureobasidium pullulans.

All test products were provided by Tate and Lyle, Inc. and - as you can likewise see in table 1 matched for macronutrient and energy content. All bars and beverages were meant to be consumed along with participants regular diets.

Astrology was yesterday, feceology (=poopology ;-) is the future!

Aside from the obligatory protocols on the state of their digestive health the subjects also had to collect stool samples, which were then analyzed by the researchers who were looking at the RNA and DNA content of the samples to identify any changes in the makeup of the gut microbiom, without exact quantification of individual strains. What they found was that ...

"[a]mong the treatments, the control was significantly different from the SCF (P<0.001) and SCFþP(P<0.0002) treatments. The SCF treatment was significantly different from the RS treatment (P<0.007), and the SCF+P treatment was significantly different from the RS+P treatment (P<0.002). The GMC [gut microbial community] following the consumption of the SCF and SCF+P treatments was not significantly different." (Klosterbuer. 2013)

Now this certainly does not sound very informative, right? It in fact isnt but lets be honest, whats the additional value of me telling you that the scientists were able to associate a certain peak in the bacterial make up with either Anaero-coccus vaginalis or Parabacteroides goldsteinii and another one with either Parabacteroides distasonis or Parabacteroides merdaeusing anisilico?  Not much, right.

"I know that we know nothing" An adequate description of the "state of the art"

My casual observation that knowing the funky names of the individual bacteria that felt specifically cosy in the acidified short-chain fatty acid loaden milieu that formed in response to the dietary intervention is about as useful to you as knowing all the names of the tiny insects in the Amazon Delta. In view of the fact that this is not much different for the scientists who were not even able to tell exactly which bugs they were looking at here. In fact, we have not even come so far to say "little do we know" - the current state of our "understanding" of the complexity of the gut microbiom is simply far from allowing any reliable prognosis statements on which bacteria we want in which ratios.

Figure 2 (first published in "Waxy Maize Reloaded"): Changes in postprandial energy expenditure (left) and fatty acid oxidation (right) after the ingestion of regular and WM-HPD pancakes (data adapted from Shimotoyodome. 2011)

That being said the net increase in SCFA production that was achieved by all treatments in the study at hand is an endpoint that may provide at least some orientation. After all, you will probably all remember the impressive results of theh Shimotoyodome study from 2011 (see figure 2) I discussed in conjunction with the post on WM-HDP, back in the day. While this is likewise still speculative, its still highly likely that the increase in fatty acid oxidation the researchers observed in their human subjects after the consumption of pancakes that had been enriched with resistant starch (RS4) is a direct consequence of the increased short chain fatty acid production in the colon.

There is yet an important "on the other hand" we must not forget

GLP-1 is also partly responsible for the profound weight loss after bariatric surgery. In this case it is yet not the rise in short chain fatty acids, but as the scientists speculate the mechanical stretch and the influx of dietary fat that would otherwise have been absorbed earlier during the digestive process that triggers the release of the "satiety hormone" glucacgon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1, read more)

In fact, the aformentioned beneficial effects on the fatty acid metabolism and the concomitant reductions in insulin, which were brought about by an increase in GLP-1 (learn more about the potent fat burning effect of GLP-1) and decreases in GIP, respectively, have recently been traced back directly to the influence of SCFA in the long intestine. In a cleverly designed study, Lin et al. were able to show that the expression of these quasi-hormonal peptides, appears to be mediated by a direct interaction of bacteria-generated (or simply ingested) short-chain fatty acids in the gut with a speficic free free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR-3) in the gut lining (Lin. 2012).

As far as this part of the equation goes, we do therefore actually "know" something, what we do not know, but there are obviously a couple of my beloved "on the other hands" we still have to take into account. The most significant of these is unquestionably that impressive results as those that were observed in the very short run in the Shimotoyodome study will only arise in scenarios, in which the regular sugars and starches 90% of the Western population literally lives on are replaced with fermentable alternatives.

As long as you keep on the twinkies and dingdongs diet, the composition of your gut microbiome wont save you - no matter how good the critters are in turning fermentable starches into short chain fatty acids.

Figure 3: Different resistant starch content of various foods (% dry matter; based on Goni. 1996)

After all none of the simple sugars and easily digestible starches will even make it to the colon before they are either directly or after being disassembled by the enzymes in your gut taken up into the blood stream - the couple of  SFCA you either ingest as a supplement or your gut bacteria may be producing from additional pre-biotics (the term used in a very broad sense here and in the following paragraphs) you may be taking wont save you from the "fat" consequences.

Remember: If A → B & A → C, this does not imply B → C

Epidemiological studies such as Layden et al.s 2012 analysis of the body composition of young, obese women in which the researchers found a negative correlation between body fatness (esp. visceral obesity) and the SCFA production in the colon do therefore not necessarily tell us that having a certain gut microbiome protects you from obesity (Layden. 2012). Observational studies like these, but also all experiments in which the human or rodent "participants" had the chance to compensate for the intake of fermentable starches or other supplements by skipping on foods theyd otherwise consume, simply tell us that eating fermentable starches is better than eating sugary junk - not more, but also not less.

Can saturated fat cause endotexemia? Learn the answer here!

If the ladies with the lower visceral fat in the Layden study consumed a diet that was devoid of fermentable starches, they would not produce any short chain fatty acids no matter how the composition of their gut microbiome may look like (in fact it would soon look like a "ghetto" full of unwanted bacterial tenants not paying their rent in form of healthy SCFA ;-). It should be obvious that the same goes for the anti-cancer effects of the SCFAs butyrate, propionate and acetate (Matthews. 2012), as well as all the other beneficial health effects which have been linked back to the bacterially manufacture two- to six-carbon chain FAs.

All the aforementioned benefits require the reguar ingestion of more than just trace amounts of fermentable starches. These pre-biotics will automatically have the "beneficial" bacteria in your gut get the better of the "bad guys" and it is a necessary prerequisite that any probiotics you are consuming either in pill form or from enriched foodstuff can take full effect. In other words:

Pre-biotics dont support probiotics, its the other way around. Probiotics can support and accelerate the desired permanent change the regular consumption of prebiotics will bring about.

I know the product descriptions on the shiny websites of the snake oil industry will conceal that, but without a consequent and permanent change in your dietary habits, you can as well flush your super-potent 100 billion bacteria per serving probiotic directly down your toilette.

---

Even the nicest subtenants can become a real problem, when they come over without being asked day by day. Unfortunately, all sorts of gut bacteria (even the "good" ones) have as imilarly nasty habit of translocating through a leaky gut wall into parts of your body, where you certainly dont wont them... read about the nasty consequences, here

Long story short: All the current hoopla about probiotics, the tons of "enriched" products on the shelves of the supermarket, the capped super-*place your favorite strain here* with bazillions of "life-bacteria" in them and for which you would have to spend half your monthly salary, if you wanted to consume enough of them to override the baseline effect your diet, all of them are about as useful as a stimulant based fat burner on a hypercaloric diet.

You are what you eat, not what your supplement! The same goes for the composition of the bugs in your gut and if you want them to produce short chain fatty acids for you you better make sure they get the raw materials on a consistent basis. That this works like a charm within no more than 6 days is evidenced by the study publication of which triggered this lengthy discussion.

Whether all the purported health benefits will become visible in the short, long or very long term will yet still have to be elucidated... and that this is probably not going to happen, when you try to get your fermentable starches from bread only (0.25g per slice vs. navy beans 10g per 1/2 cup and even bananas 5g per banana)

References:

• Goñi I, García-Diz L, Mañas E, Saura-Calixto F. Analysis of resistant starch: a method for foods and food products  Food Chemistry. 1996; 56(4):445–449.
• Layden BT, Yalamanchi SK, Wolever TM, Dunaif A, Lowe WL Jr. Negative association of acetate with visceral adipose tissue and insulin levels. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012;5:49-55. 
• Klosterbuer AS, Hullar AJH, Li F, Traylor E, Lampe JW, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Gastrointestinal effects of resistant starch, soluble maize fibre and pullulan in healthy adults. British Journal of Nutrition. 2013 [Epub ahead of print].
• Lin HV, Frassetto A, Kowalik EJ Jr, Nawrocki AR, Lu MM, Kosinski JR, Hubert JA, Szeto D, Yao X, Forrest G, Marsh DJ. Butyrate and propionate protect against diet-induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3-independent mechanisms. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35240.
• Shimotoyodome A, Suzuki J, Kameo Y, Hase T. Dietary supplementation with hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from waxy maize starch increases resting energy expenditure by lowering the postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2011 Jul;106(1):96-104.
• Wroblewska M, Brzuzan L, Jaroslawska J, Zdunczyk Z. Effect of buckwheat sprouts and groats on the antioxidant potential of blood and caecal parameters in rats. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2011 Sep;81(5):286-94.

The Global Village Dubai

Dubai Tour Guide to stay inbudget...

Page 7

One of the places i personally liked a lot is The Global Village. The concept is v good...There are stalls from more then 40 different countries in the village, most of which are Asian. Each country presenting their own culture, food, national dance in their own dress...
u can go there, shop, play and eat lot of different varieties of food, have lots of fun, and keep a lot of money with you cuz you will like to shop many things from many countries...
If u go there dont miss Indian dance show, Pakistani music, Egyptian museum, boating and do try to taste food of different varieties.

 

Next 8: Ibn-e-Batuta Mall............